云う

(1) 特定の形を持つ(have a particular form; "the story or argument runs as follows"; "as the saying goes...")(have a particular form)

⇒諺にもあるとおり…(have a particular form)

(2) 声を出して言う(utter aloud; "She said `Hello' to everyone in the office")(utter aloud)

⇒彼女は、『こんにちは』とオフィスの皆に言った(utter aloud)

(3) ある方法で話すか、発音するか、発する(speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way; "She pronounces French words in a funny way"; "I cannot say `zip wire'"; "Can the child sound out this complicated word?")(speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way)

⇒子供は、この複雑な単語を発することができますか？(speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way)

(4) 前に置く(put before; "I submit to you that the accused is guilty")(put before)

⇒私は、被告が有罪であると思う(put before)

(5) 言葉で表現する(express in words; "He said that he wanted to marry her"; "tell me what is bothering you"; "state your opinion"; "state your name")(express in words)

⇒名前を述べる(express in words)

(6) 説明を伝達する(give an account of; "The witness related the events")(give an account of)

⇒目撃者は出来事を関係づけた(give an account of)

(7) 聞こえるように表現する音を立てる（必ずしも言葉ではない）(express audibly; utter sounds (not necessarily words); "She let out a big heavy sigh"; "He uttered strange sounds that nobody could understand")(express audibly)(utter sounds (not necessarily words) )

⇒彼は、誰も理解することができなかった変な音を発した(utter sounds (not necessarily words) )

(8) 特定の言い回しまたは型を持つ、あるいは含む(have or contain a certain wording or form; "The passage reads as follows"; "What does the law say?")(have or contain a certain wording or form)

⇒法律には何と書いてあるか？(have or contain a certain wording or form)

(9) はっきり言う口頭でまたは叫び、大声または騒音などのどれかで(articulate; either verbally or with a cry, shout, or noise; "She expressed her anger"; "He uttered a curse")(articulate)(either verbally or with a cry, shout, or noise)

⇒彼は、悪態をついた(either verbally or with a cry, shout, or noise)

(10) スピーチで表す(express in speech; "She talks a lot of nonsense"; "This depressed patient does not verbalize")(express in speech)

⇒この鬱病患者は言葉では表現しない(express in speech)

(11) 何かに知られさせれる(let something be known; "Tell them that you will be late")(let something be known)

⇒彼らに、あなたが遅くなることをと話して下さい(let something be known)

(12) 言葉を使用する(use language; "the baby talks already"; "the prisoner won't speak"; "they speak a strange dialect")(use language)

⇒彼らは奇妙な方言を話す(use language)