hold

(1) 特定の状態、位置または活動を維持する例えば、(keep in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., "keep clean"; "hold in place"; "She always held herself as a lady"; "The students keep me on my toes")(keep in a certain state, position, or activity)(e.g.,)

⇒学生たちは、私の気を張り詰めさせている(e.g.,)

(2) その人の手または掴むことで持つ、あるいは固定する(have or hold in one's hands or grip; "Hold this bowl for a moment, please"; "A crazy idea took hold of him")(have or hold in one's hands or grip)

⇒ばかげた考えが彼にとりついた(have or hold in one's hands or grip)

(3) 開催する、または関与する(organize or be responsible for; "hold a reception"; "have, throw, or make a party"; "give a course")(organize or be responsible for)

⇒講習を行う(organize or be responsible for)

(4) 具体的または抽象的な感覚のどちらかを持つあるいは保有する(have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense; "She has $1,000 in the bank"; "He has got two beautiful daughters"; "She holds a Master's degree from Harvard")(have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense)

⇒彼女は、ハーヴァードから修士号を持つ(have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense)

(5) 信念または見解として覚えておく、または伝える(keep in mind or convey as a conviction or view; "take for granted"; "view as important"; "hold these truths to be self-evident"; "I hold him personally responsible")(keep in mind or convey as a conviction or view)

⇒私は、個人的に彼に責任があるとみなす(keep in mind or convey as a conviction or view)

(6) （理論、考え、あるいは感情を）維持する(maintain (a theory, thoughts, or feelings); "bear a grudge"; "entertain interesting notions"; "harbor a resentment")(maintain (a theory, thoughts, or feelings) )

⇒憤慨を心に抱く(maintain (a theory, thoughts, or feelings) )

(7) 限界内、制限内にとどめること、あるいは動きを制限する(to close within bounds, limit or hold back from movement; "This holds the local until the express passengers change trains"; "About a dozen animals were held inside the stockade"; "The illegal immigrants were held at a detention center"; "The terrorists held the journalists for ransom")(to close within bounds, limit or hold back from movement)

⇒テロリストらはジャーナリストを人質に取った(to close within bounds, limit or hold back from movement)

(8) 可能性がある将来のための使用または適用を確実にして保つ(secure and keep for possible future use or application; "The landlord retained the security deposit"; "I reserve the right to disagree")(secure and keep for possible future use or application)

⇒私は、一致しない権利を保有する(secure and keep for possible future use or application)

(9) 正当に持つ権利、タイトル、官職の(have rightfully; of rights, titles, and offices; "She bears the title of Duchess"; "He held the governorship for almost a decade")(have rightfully)(of rights, titles, and offices)

⇒彼はほぼ10年の間、知事職の職権を保持した(of rights, titles, and offices)

(10) の人的支援であるの重さを支える(be the physical support of; carry the weight of; "The beam holds up the roof"; "He supported me with one hand while I balanced on the beam"; "What's holding that mirror?")(be the physical support of)(carry the weight of)

⇒何がその鏡を支えているのですか？(carry the weight of)

(11) 含むか、または保持する内部に有する(contain or hold; have within; "The jar carries wine"; "The canteen holds fresh water"; "This can contains water")(contain or hold)(have within)

⇒この缶は水を入れてあます(have within)

(12) 何かのために余地のある込み合わないで収容する(have room for; hold without crowding; "This hotel can accommodate 250 guests"; "The theater admits 300 people"; "The auditorium can't hold more than 500 people")(have room for)(hold without crowding)

⇒オーディトリアムは500人を超える人々を収容できない(hold without crowding)

(13) ある状態、位置あるいは条件を保つ(remain in a certain state, position, or condition; "The weather held"; "They held on the road and kept marching")(remain in a certain state, position, or condition)

⇒彼らは道で踏ん張り、行進し続けた(remain in a certain state, position, or condition)

(14) 特定の方法で支持するか、支える(support or hold in a certain manner; "She holds her head high"; "He carried himself upright")(support or hold in a certain manner)

⇒彼は彼自身を垂直に支えた(support or hold in a certain manner)

(15) 有効か、あるいは適用可能か、真実である(be valid, applicable, or true; "This theory still holds")(be valid, applicable, or true)

⇒この理論はまだ成り立つ(be valid, applicable, or true)

(16) 主張する、あるいは断言する(assert or affirm; "Rousseau's philosophy holds that people are inherently good")(assert or affirm)

⇒ルソーの哲学は、人々が本質的によいと考える(assert or affirm)

(17) 主要な特徴として持つ(have as a major characteristic; "The novel holds many surprises"; "The book holds in store much valuable advise")(have as a major characteristic)

⇒本には多くの貴重なアドバイスが持ち合わせてある(have as a major characteristic)

(18) 保持する、あるいは含むことができる(be capable of holding or containing; "This box won't take all the items"; "The flask holds one gallon")(be capable of holding or containing)

⇒フラスコには、1ガロン入る(be capable of holding or containing)

(19) 前もって手配し、確保する（他の誰かのための何か）(arrange for and reserve (something for someone else) in advance; "reserve me a seat on a flight"; "The agent booked tickets to the show for the whole family"; "please hold a table at Maxim's")(arrange for and reserve (something for someone else) in advance)

⇒マキシムの家でテーブルを占拠する(arrange for and reserve (something for someone else) in advance)

(20) 挑戦または攻撃から保護する(protect against a challenge or attack; "Hold that position behind the trees!"; "Hold the bridge against the enemy's attacks")(protect against a challenge or attack)

⇒橋を敵の攻撃に対して固守する(protect against a challenge or attack)

(21) 義務により拘束する恩恵を受けさせる(bind by an obligation; cause to be indebted; "He's held by a contract"; "I'll hold you by your promise")(bind by an obligation)(cause to be indebted)

⇒約束どおり、私はあなたを拘束する(cause to be indebted)

(22) 注目を引く(hold the attention of; "The soprano held the audience"; "This story held our interest"; "She can hold an audience spellbound")(hold the attention of)

⇒彼女は、観衆を魅了して離さない(hold the attention of)

(23) 従事したままで(remain committed to; "I hold to these ideas")(remain committed to)

⇒私はこれらの案に固執する(remain committed to)

(24) 抵抗するか、抵抗に立ち向かう(resist or confront with resistance; "The politician defied public opinion"; "The new material withstands even the greatest wear and tear"; "The bridge held")(resist or confront with resistance)

⇒橋は持ちこたえた(resist or confront with resistance)

(25) 関係する、関連する、あるいは適切である(be pertinent or relevant or applicable; "The same laws apply to you!"; "This theory holds for all irrational numbers"; "The same rules go for everyone")(be pertinent or relevant or applicable)

⇒同じ規則があらゆる人に適用される(be pertinent or relevant or applicable)

(26) 扱うのを中止する(stop dealing with; "hold all calls to the President's office while he is in a meeting")(stop dealing with)

⇒社長が会議中の間は、オフィスへの電話は全て取り次がないで下さい(stop dealing with)

(27) 強度を減じる調節する抑制を加える制限内で維持または保持する(lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits; "moderate your alcohol intake"; "hold your tongue"; "hold your temper"; "control your anger")(lessen the intensity of)(temper)(hold in restraint)(hold or keep within limits)

⇒怒りを抑える(hold or keep within limits)

(28) 出発することを避ける(keep from departing; "Hold the taxi"; "Hold the horse")(keep from departing)

⇒馬を押さえてください(keep from departing)

(29) しばしば乱暴な方法で制御して維持する(take and maintain control over, often by violent means; "The dissatisfied students held the President's office for almost a week")(take and maintain control over, often by violent means)

⇒不満を示す学生が、およそ1週間、学長室を占拠した(take and maintain control over, often by violent means)

(30) 停止を引き起こす(cause to stop; "Halt the engines"; "Arrest the progress"; "halt the presses")(cause to stop)

⇒出版物を差し止める(cause to stop)

(31) 騒音や匂い対策などのために覆う(cover as for protection against noise or smell; "She held her ears when the jackhammer started to operate"; "hold one's nose")(cover as for protection against noise or smell)

⇒鼻をつまむ(cover as for protection against noise or smell)

(32) 悪影響を示すことなくアルコールを飲む(drink alcohol without showing ill effects; "He can hold his liquor"; "he had drunk more than he could carry")(drink alcohol without showing ill effects)

⇒彼は限度を超えて飲んだ(drink alcohol without showing ill effects)

(33) 目標にする、向ける、または狙う(aim, point, or direct; "Hold the fire extinguisher directly on the flames")(aim, point, or direct)

⇒炎の直接上で消火器を持ってください(aim, point, or direct)

(34) であると宣言する(declare to be; "She was declared incompetent"; "judge held that the defendant was innocent")(declare to be)

⇒裁判官は、被告が潔白であると主張した(declare to be)

(35) 一致している合意する(be in accord; be in agreement; "We agreed on the terms of the settlement"; "I can't agree with you!"; "I hold with those who say life is sacred"; "Both philosophers concord on this point")(be in accord)(be in agreement)

⇒この点における両方の哲学者の一致(be in agreement)

(36) 息を吐くか、放出するのを控える(keep from exhaling or expelling; "hold your breath")(keep from exhaling or expelling)

⇒息を殺してください(keep from exhaling or expelling)